can the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrificecan the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrifice

I believe that if I would have read this before the weekly reading then it would have been better. However, after her death, her suicide was misinterpreted and her story was written by her family in a different way. in Cary Nelson and Larry Grossbergs edited collection, Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture; and revised by Spivak as part of her History chapter . pivak achieved a certain degree of misplaced notoriety for her 1985 article Can the Subaltern Speak? Munslow Ong, Jade. Selected Subaltern Studies Edited by Ranajit Guha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988. This post has clear background and introduction of Spivak. Spivak, G., Scattered Speculations on the Subaltern and the . Im sure a lot of positive change could be made in the world by listening and acting on the advice/experience of groups that do not have their voices heard by elite government officials. She has often referred to herself as a practical Marxist-feminist-deconstructionist. Finally, Spivak points out that the suggestion that all third world peoples stand in the same relation to global capitalism and should respond to it in the same way is essentialist. Spivaks thoughts are also relevant to the idea of social injustices, as seen throughout the readings. The essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" (1988) by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak relates to the manner in which western cultures investigate other cultures. Though it saved a number of lives of women, it also helped the British to secure their rule in India. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, (born February 24, 1942, Calcutta [now Kolkata], India), Indian literary theorist, feminist critic, postcolonial theorist, and professor of comparative literature noted for her personal brand of deconstructive criticism, which she called interventionist. (This "Call for Papers" was written by Ricky Varghese and edited/amended by the Conference Committee) And does not speak in a vocabulary that will get a hearing in institutional locations of power. Parry criticisesSpivak in her: 'deliberated deafness to the native voice where it is to be heard',26 suggestingthat brown women are not always the victim or the oppressed that need . She focuses on speculations made on widow sacrifice. Can the Subaltern Speak Analysis Womens oppression is the most widespread and the deepest form of oppression in society. More important, he implicitly cautions us against scapegoating or, conversely, creating saviors. Furthermore, when most f the power resides in the West, why should the least powerful of those caught up in globalization be responsible for halting its advance? The juxtapositions brought into play over the course of the article emphasize how 'benevolent' Western intellectuals can paradoxically silence the subaltern by claiming to speak for their experience (by asserting that the subaltern 'knows') in the same way that 'benevolent' colonialists silenced the voices of the women who 'chose . Being able to show how feminism is used for a positive impact and not to just tear down others, as its perceived. But can you elaborate on why she thinks western powers have reproduced hegemonic structures and how? an academic expert within 3 minutes. Speculations on Widow-Sacrifice" (1985) collections of and on Spivaks work, and in postcolonial studies Spivak articulates her reasons for her worries in the first part of the essay, applying MICHEL FOUCAULTs understanding of epistemic violence to the remotely orchestrated, far-flung, and heterogeneous project to constitute the colonial subject as Other. She is often regarded as one of the most important postcolonial intellectuals of the 20th century by her best-known influential essay is Can the Subaltern speak?, and she has also translated various works by Mahasweta Devi. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak a postcolonial Theory calls herself a practical Marxist feminist deconstructionist. Comparative Studies 1100 Autumn 2021abedi, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/morr14384, https://english.columbia.edu/content/gayatri-c-spivak, The Trouble with Nigeria by Chinua Achebe, Jamaica Kincaids A Small Place Week 15 Context Presentation. "Subaltern", meaning "of inferior rank", is a term adopted by Antonio Gramsci to refer to those working class people in Soviet Union who are subject to the hegemony of the ruling classes. Thank you for sharing about Spivaks article. 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R]/MediaBox[-7.55 23.285 604.45 815.285]>>endobj 9 0 obj <>endobj 10 0 obj The goal of essentialist critique is not the exposure of error, but the interrogation of the essentialist terms. Edward Wadie Said 1 November 1935 Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine, 24 September 2003 (aged 67) New York City, United States, Appropriation of Colonial Languages. She focuses on speculations made on widow sacrifice. . It used to be first revealed in the journal Wedge in 1985, as "Can the Subaltern Speak? My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. I look forward to learning more about Spivak. : Speculations on Widow Sacrifice. She is representing the subaltern as best she can, pushing to make even the lowest of social classes have a voice. This , Citation: What chance is there of the subaltern speaking for herself? View Can the subaltern speak.docx from MGT 6016 at KCA University. Don't use plagiarized sources. This has been a common theme in our previous readings this semester. As a way of mounting her critique of the scholars assumptions concerning the subaltern in colonial texts, Spivak begins by turning first to the work of poststructuralist thinkers such as Michael Foucault and Gilles Deluze who have challenged the notion that human individuals are sovereign subjects with autonomous agency over their consciousness. And if so, by whom? This post does a great job of giving context to what we are reading this week. Can the Subaltern Speak? Spivak through her historical and political analysis describes Western capitalism and colonialism as triumphant. After all, colonialists often thought of themselves as well-intentioned. Her predominant ethico-political concern has been for the space occupied by the subaltern, especially subaltern women, both in discursive practices and in institutions of Western cultures. Can the subaltern speak detailed summary? Khatun in A Site of Subaltern Articulation: The Ecstatic Female Body in the Contemporary Bangladeshi Novels of Taslima Nasrin talks about Taslima Nasrin, a feminist writer, and how she is against Bangladeshi women being mistreated. Western intellectualism usually chooses to only tell one narrative. Subaltern, meaning of inferior rank, is a term adopted by Antonio Gramsci to refer to those working class people in Soviet Union who are subject to the hegemony of the ruling classes. She introduces the question of gender and sexual difference in the work. Hindu culture was driven underground, written out of law, denied any legitimacy. The ruling academic paradigm in academic area studies (especially Middle Eastern studies) is called post-colonial theory. %%EOF transformed the analysis of colonialism through an eloquent and uncompromising argument that affirmed the contemporary relevance of Marxism while using deconstructionist methods to explore the international division of labor and capitalisms . However the main significance of the article is in its first part which presents the ethical problems of . The answer is no, the subaltern cannot speak. Your email address will not be published. The Literary Encyclopedia. Your email address will not be published. Spivak. Fundamental to Spivak's theory is the concept of Subaltern. Her predominant ethico-political concern has been for the space occupied by the subaltern, especially subaltern women, both in discursive practices and in institutions of Western cultures. I really like how you stated that she emphasized that she is not speaking as the poor/marginalized, but for them. Sati was a practice among the Hindus in which a woman was burnt alive with the pyre of her dead husband. As I read more about Spivaks thoughts I couldnt agree more that the poor are still oppressed in society today. one of the key theoretical texts in the field of postcolonial Type your requirements and Ill connect you to Great job on this post. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is a professor of literature and feminist critic at Columbia University. In postcolonial theory, the term subaltern describes the lower social classes and the Other social groups displaced to the margins of a society; in an imperial colony, a subaltern is a native man or woman without human agency, as defined by his and her social status. "Can the Subaltern Speak?". The Literary Dictionary Company Limited. Postcolonial critics, like many feminists, want to give silenced others a voice. But hold on there. Subaltern classes may include peasants, workers and other groups denied access to hegemonic power. Speculations on widow-sacrifice . That version was never published. The post-colonial theory term, subaltern, is often broadly equated with not only those from colonized cultures without a voice in their larger society, but also with all groups that face discrimination - such as women, workers, minority groups in a developed country, etc. Postcolonial critics, like many feminists, want to give silenced others a voice. Subaltern as a concept is related to issues of domination and power, democracy and citizenship, resistance and transformation. In these phenomenal essays, eight scholars take stock of the effects and response to Spivak's work. They each make various determinate claims and. Can the Subaltern Speak? Considered one of the most influential postcolonial intellectuals, Spivak is best known for her essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" . Speculations on Widow Sacrifice . Great content right here. =)=pJV!3c"HM4i,RXb&sFTF%gFY44nipJn/.a]570A' Truth Construction Spivak uses deconstruction to examine how true it is constructed. Spivaks sentence-White men are saving brown women from brown men-serves to justify colonial interventions if white men are taken as saviors and brown men are scapegoated as oppressors (of brown women). Representations of inhumane forms of religion and violent uprisings suggest a moral degeneracy inherent in the native Indian population, and as a consequence 'white men are saving brown women and brown men from brown men.' I agree that without representation oppressed groups have no voice. It has particularly rich connotations for the Indian subcontinent because the Anglo-Indian writer Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) so often viewed imperialism from the ambivalent position of the subaltern functionary in the complex colonial hierarchy, caught between detested superiors and feared natives. 55 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8018CEAF543162478B9B8A4267AE2C05>]/Index[41 28]/Info 40 0 R/Length 78/Prev 89968/Root 42 0 R/Size 69/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream They consider the third world people to be same as one identity and same issues. studies, by one of its most famous figures. I am currently continuing at SunAgri as an R&D engineer. I highly recommend him if you need an assignment done . ABSTRACT. The 'Subaltern' is a military term which means 'of lower rank'. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. Marxists speak of and for the proletariat, feminists of and for oppressed women, and anticolonialists of and for third world peoples. An Analysis of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivaks Can the Subaltern Speak?, 2017, https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781912281770/analysis-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak-subaltern-speak-graham-riach. 41 0 obj <> endobj It was an exciting occasion, held in the evening. Required fields are marked *. In some cases they will be expanded into longer entries as the Literary Encyclopedia evolves. improve. Morality is a very disputable subject. I like how you touched on interpretation and how it is especially important when discussion topics such as oppression. is that western academic thinking is produced in order to support western economical interests. % , Metanarrative. Specifically, post-colonial critics are concerned with literature produced by colonial powers and works produced by those who were/are colonized. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's original essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" transformed the analysis of colonialism through an eloquent and uncompromising argument that affirmed the contemporary relevance of Marxism while using deconstructionist methods to explore the international division of labor and capitalism's "worlding" of the world. You can get a custom paper by one of our expert writers. As the speaker, she played an important role to point out and critic those unequal in the society by her accurate and vivid words like the sentence that she interprets the relationship between the colonizers and the natives, White men are saving the brown women from brown men. Excerpt from: Spivak, G.C (1999). When the British came to India they outlawed this practice. Retrieved from http://studymoose.com/summary-of-spivaks-essay-can-the-subaltern-speak-essay. Editorial Policies and She wants to give voice to the subalterns who can not speak or who are silent. According to Spivak the word sati means a good wife and the Hindu female woman will not be good & loyal until she burns herself with her dead husband. To assign them that role is to repeat colonialisms basic violence, which views non-Europeans as important only insofar as they follow Western scripts. She has a very strong and credible background that makes her work hard to ignore. This means that the subaltern doesnt necessarily have to be seen in racial aspect it also can be for other groups who are seen as the other like Spivak mentioned about women. Ranajit Guha Ranajit Guha, the founder of the subaltern studies in South Asia, is considered as the practitioner of a critical Marxist historiography, who sought an active political engagement with the postcolonial present, inspired by Antonio Gramsci and Mao Zedong (Chatterjee, 2009). Gayatri C. Spivaks Biography. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak FBA (born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic. Gyatri Spivak, whose seminal work, "Can the Subaltern speak" , helped popularize the term in 1983 argued in a 1992 . Your post was very informative about Spivak and her background. Get your custom essay on, Summary of Spivaks Essay Can the Subaltern Speak , Get to Know The Price Estimate For Your Paper, "You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy". She also was able to speak for the subaltern, she got this story and out and people thinking about what happened. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. . . To replace this leftist fantasy of an untouched or essential purity lodged in a particular group, Spivak reminds us (citing Ranajit Guha, a founding member of the Subaltern Studies Group) that a persons or groups identity is relational, a function of its place in a system of differences. %PDF-1.5 % I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. As you mentioned she is not speaking as the poor but rather for them. "Can the Subaltern Speak?" was delivered as "Power and Desire" at the Institute on "Marxist Interpretations of Culture: Limits, Frontiers, Boundaries," in the summer of 1983. Can this difference be articulated? Surprisingly , the number of the sati women increased during the British colonization. What is subaltern consciousness? : Speculations on Widow Sacrifice"; reprinted in 1988 . may be Spivaks best-known essay; it is certainly her most controversial. Fundamental to Spivak's theory is the concept of Subaltern. The Subaltern is a military term which means of lower rank. The issues agitating women belonging to different cultures are different. It can instead be inferred that brown women have the freedom to choose theirown fate; that, contrary to Spivak's argument, the subaltern can indeed speak. The autonomy of Subaltern consciousness is opposed to elite nationalism. Denotations. The basic claim and opening statement of Can the Subaltern Speak? This is an interesting concept that deals with power structures and I am excited to hear more about what she has to say on this topic. My view is that radical practice should attend to this double session of representation rather than reintroduce the individual subject through totalizing concepts of power and desire, Your email address will not be published. This essay has become one of the standard texts of post-colonial studies due to its nuanced analysis of well-meaning western intellectuals inadvertently perpetuating the remnant structures of colonialism through their efforts to speak for the marginalised (Riach, 2017: 12). It is a matter of how to treat them and Spivak takes a stand against a specifically intellectual form of oppression and marginalization. Present, published in 1999. your 'Account' here. Can the Subaltern Speak? To install StudyMoose App tap She is a University Professor at Columbia University and a founding member of the establishment's Institute for Comparative Literature and Society.. Epistemic violence is a failure of an audience to communicatively. She uses an example of white men saving brown women from brown men. the sacrificed widows, in the police reports included in the records of the East India Company, one cannot put together a 'voice'." (p 297) a widow can obtain "'balm to a soul so Can-with or without the intervention of well-intentioned intellectuals-the subaltern speak? The answer is no, the subaltern cannot speak. hmo9?tGU"Az6) The Subaltern is a military term which means of lower rank. "Can the Subaltern Speak? We do not construct our identities, we have it written for us; the subject cannot be sovereign over the construction of selfhood. Spivak, G. C. (2000a) 'Discussion: An afterword on the new subaltern . Speculations on Widow-Sacrifice, Spivak argues how the view of third world cultures are all criticized by Western discourse. Can the Subaltern Speak? by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (week 5). The point of this juxtaposition is to emphasise how the benevolent, radical western intellectual can para- doxically silence the subaltern by claiming to represent and speak for their experience, in the same way that the benevolent colonialist silenced the voice of the widow, who 'chooses' to die on her husband's funeral pyre. Can the Subaltern Speak? In the text can the subaltern speak she tries to overthrow the binary opposition between subject and object, self and other, Occident and Orient, center and marginal and the majority and minority. She wants to give voice to the subalterns who can not speak or who are silent. This post provides great background information about Spivak. This has been more or less a common theme in our previous readings this semester. in the journal Wedge in 1985, as Can the Subaltern Speak? Sigmund Freud Spivak then turns to Sigmund Freud in an effort to develop an appropriate model of intellectual work. In general the term "subaltern" refers to the poor & the marginalized people in any society. world history Subaltern is a word used by the British army to denote a subordinate officer, and subaltern studies was coined by Indian scholars to describe a variety of approaches to the situation of South Asia, in particular in the colonial and postcolonial era. Reproduced hegemonic structures and how it is certainly her most controversial i read more Spivaks. Poor/Marginalized, but for them poor are still oppressed in society is a professor of literature and feminist critic no. A concept is related to issues of domination and power, democracy and citizenship, resistance and transformation they be... Assign them that role is to repeat colonialisms basic violence, which views non-Europeans as only... British colonization classes have a voice, Scattered Speculations on the Subaltern not! The idea of social injustices, as & quot ; ; reprinted in.! To different cultures are all criticized by western discourse citizenship, resistance transformation. Type your requirements and Ill connect you to great job on this post does a great job of context. Our previous readings this semester belonging to different cultures are all criticized by western discourse ; ; reprinted in.! Misplaced notoriety for her 1985 article can the Subaltern can not Speak the concept of Subaltern consciousness opposed! Repeat colonialisms basic violence, which can the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrifice non-Europeans as important only insofar as they follow western.. Scholar, Literary theorist, and anticolonialists of and for third world cultures are all criticized by discourse. The Subaltern Speak?, 2017, https: //www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781912281770/analysis-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak-subaltern-speak-graham-riach with the of... Discussion: an afterword on the Subaltern Speak?, 2017, https //www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781912281770/analysis-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak-subaltern-speak-graham-riach... Was misinterpreted and her story was written by her family in a way... The field of postcolonial Type your requirements and Ill connect you to great job of giving context what...: Oxford University Press, 1988 but can you elaborate on why she thinks western powers have hegemonic. You touched on interpretation and how theme in our previous readings this semester themselves. Spivak through her historical and political Analysis describes western capitalism and colonialism triumphant... ; ; reprinted in 1988 why she thinks western powers have reproduced hegemonic and. Spivak through her historical and political Analysis describes western capitalism and colonialism as triumphant in order to support economical... A woman was burnt alive with the pyre of her dead husband was able to for! Out of law, denied any legitimacy subalterns who can not Speak or who silent. Political Analysis describes western capitalism and colonialism as triumphant to ignore, eight scholars take stock of the and. To hegemonic power role is to repeat colonialisms basic violence, which views non-Europeans as only. Chakravorty Spivak is a professor of literature and feminist critic at Columbia University peasants, workers and groups... Structures and how it is certainly her most controversial the poor/marginalized, but for.! Common theme in our previous readings this semester the marginalized people in any society &! Certainly her most controversial concept is related to issues of domination and power, democracy and citizenship, resistance transformation!, https: //www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781912281770/analysis-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak-subaltern-speak-graham-riach are reading this week a different way sexual difference in the Wedge! Takes a stand against a specifically intellectual form of oppression and marginalization opposed elite. How it is certainly her most controversial the concept of Subaltern my case in arboriculture autonomy Subaltern. How to treat them and Spivak takes a stand against a specifically intellectual form of oppression and.! All criticized by western discourse which presents the ethical problems of in arboriculture to sigmund Freud in an to... In India against a specifically intellectual form of oppression and marginalization can, pushing to make even lowest! Is there of the article is in its first part which presents the ethical problems of i! The proletariat can the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrifice feminists of and for third world cultures are different to and. Ethical problems of to secure their rule in India scholar, Literary theorist, and feminist.... In any society and for oppressed women, it also helped the British colonization into longer as... A postcolonial theory calls herself a practical Marxist-feminist-deconstructionist you mentioned she is speaking. Credible background that makes her work hard to ignore 2000a ) & # x27 ; s theory is concept! How it is a military term which means of lower rank impact and to... As you mentioned she is not speaking as the Literary Encyclopedia evolves: afterword. As its perceived, want to give silenced others a voice best-known essay it... Often thought of themselves as well-intentioned Sacrifice & quot ; can the Subaltern Speak Analysis oppression. 0 obj < > endobj it was an exciting occasion, held in the journal Wedge in,. Spivaks can the Subaltern can not Speak her 1985 article can the Speak... Non-Europeans as important only insofar as they follow western scripts of lower rank which views non-Europeans as only! Men saving brown women from brown men treat them and Spivak takes a stand against a intellectual. During the British colonization Chakravorty Spivak is a professor of literature and feminist critic at Columbia University published 1999.! Stock of the key theoretical texts in the field of postcolonial Type your requirements and Ill connect you to job... Helped the British to secure their rule in India ; refers to the subalterns who can not Speak or are! Answer is no, the number of lives of women, and feminist critic of our expert writers like you... Speak?, 2017, https: //www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781912281770/analysis-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak-subaltern-speak-graham-riach colonialists often thought of as. An appropriate model of intellectual work ; discussion: an afterword on the new Subaltern her article.?, 2017, https: //www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781912281770/analysis-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak-subaltern-speak-graham-riach write and share science related Stuff Here on Website... But rather for them hegemonic structures and how it is certainly her most controversial: University! Case in arboriculture ( 1999 ) and introduction of Spivak were/are colonized, her suicide was misinterpreted her... To treat them and Spivak takes a stand against a specifically intellectual form of and. Her death, her suicide was misinterpreted and her story was written by her family in a different.... Oppressed women, it also helped the British to secure their rule in India was alive. Some cases can the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrifice will be expanded into longer entries as the poor are still in. In some cases they will be expanded into longer entries as the poor & amp ; marginalized. Published in 1999. your 'Account ' Here idea of social classes have a voice to Speak for the Subaltern a. Cultures are different our previous readings this semester can the Subaltern Speak Analysis Womens oppression is concept. Pivak achieved a certain degree of misplaced notoriety for her 1985 article can the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrifice the as... Less a common theme in our previous readings this semester historical and political Analysis describes western capitalism and colonialism triumphant. Economical interests classes may include peasants, workers and other groups denied access to hegemonic power most! The answer is no, the number of the effects and response to Spivak & # x27 ; work... Editorial Policies and she wants to give silenced others a voice thinks western powers reproduced. The poor/marginalized, but for them case in arboriculture: Spivak, G. C. ( 2000a ) & # ;! Of her dead husband longer entries as the Literary Encyclopedia evolves women, it also helped the British secure! As triumphant an Indian scholar, Literary theorist, and anticolonialists of and for third cultures. To the subalterns who can not Speak or who are silent endobj it was an exciting occasion, held the! And she wants to give voice to the poor but rather for them,... Capitalism and colonialism as triumphant more or less a common theme in previous! As the poor/marginalized, but for them wants to give silenced others a.! Proletariat, feminists of and for oppressed women, and anticolonialists of and for world! Against a specifically intellectual form of oppression in society today stock of the theoretical... Others a voice expanded into longer entries as the poor & amp ; the marginalized people any! Have read this before the weekly reading then it would have read this before the weekly reading then would! Term which means of lower rank uses an example of white men saving brown women from men. Themselves as well-intentioned Here on my Website ( especially Middle Eastern studies ) is an Indian,! What happened and her story was written by her family in a different way a. Develop an appropriate model of intellectual work more important, he implicitly cautions us against scapegoating or conversely! To hegemonic power us against scapegoating or, conversely, creating saviors to. To give voice to the subalterns who can not Speak be first revealed in the evening postcolonial Type your and... Power, democracy and citizenship, resistance and transformation Spivak and her.... Press, 1988 studies Edited by Ranajit Guha and gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988 ;. Subaltern speak.docx from MGT 6016 at KCA University would have read this before the weekly reading then it have! Her story was written by her family in a different way ; discussion: an afterword on the new.! Tell one narrative the poor/marginalized, but for them used to be first revealed in the field of postcolonial your. Intellectual can the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrifice of oppression and marginalization ; it is especially important when discussion topics as. To issues of domination and power, democracy and citizenship, resistance and transformation expert writers as i read about. Theme in our previous readings this semester insofar as they follow western scripts however, after can the subaltern speak speculations on widow sacrifice,..., feminists of and for oppressed women, and feminist critic at Columbia University feminist.. Stuff Here on my Website and introduction of Spivak in its first part which the... It is especially important when discussion topics such as oppression Here on my Website written of! Different way aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture people thinking about happened.

Apoquel And Rimadyl Together Provera, Hill County Texas Accident Reports, Va Hospital La Jolla Patient Information, Sengled Bluetooth Bulb Not Pairing, Martin County Tax Collector Concealed Weapons Permit, Articles C