Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. This work was supported by Hgskolan i Gvle: [Grant Number 7350]. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. He gave me my life and He can take it back. According to Majlesi (Citation1982) (a very important religious figure in Iran) (p. 209), the reward (savab) of pilgrimage of Imam Rezas tomb in Mashhad (Iran) is equal to one thousand hajes- pilgrim to Macca. Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read meat. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . We observed the use of a coping method by some informants that can be categorised as Benevolent Religious Reappraisal. her figure and her hair. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. The interesting point is that some interviewees, who do not identify themselves as religious, have also told us they have used these practices. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. Look! Show abstract. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. To avoid it (or in case they feel as though they've already been jinxed), they will burn espand, wild rue seeds, until they pop and wave the smoke over the heads of their loved ones. Couples tend to only have one to two children. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. This is called Shafaah. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. Most Iranian expats living in Australia are likely to have a more progressive understanding of womens rights as many arrive fleeing the harsh policies of the Iranian government. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. As the present findings show, the RCOPE methods appear to be of great importance to the Iranian interviewees. Outreach and education efforts by the health care community can help . Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Even Iranians that leave the house as husband and wife can draw negative attention. For more information please visit our Permissions help page. I think He has listened. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. 3099067 This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. In Nigeria, the core traditional values have been debased at the modern era. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. perceived severity. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. And this is the way he wants to remind me. 6. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. It is a country with a rich history and unique culture. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. 1.1 Taking responsibility People receive safe and effective care when pharmacy professionals take responsibility for ensuring that person-centred care is not compromised by personal values or beliefs. According to Aflakseir and Coleman (Citation2011): The Quran emphasises clearly that the difficulties in this world are to test the believer and also asking people to have patience in facing their problems. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. Your family culture influences things like your moral compass, beliefs, values, and traditions. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. Speaking up or publishing material that questions the current system can also be interpreted as anti-Islamic. When our interviewees talked about ziyarat, they often referred to visiting his holy shrine. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. We all have cultural values. Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. Here we present the results on Religious Coping Methods. Patients in Somalia commonly exhibit symptoms of chronic disorders in response to stress and turmoil. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. We found two patterns. The first one is conversation with God and saints. This cultural content is crucial in constructing individuals identities and ethical/moral worldview, which in its turn serves as an orienting system when navigating social relationships. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. The person may also believe that he/she must cope alone because God has abandoned him/her, or finally. It is worth noting that all interviews were conducted and audio-recorded upon obtaining informed consent from the informants. External Factors. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. Rather, the distinctive Persian identity engenders a strong sense of pride and belonging among its people. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. This happened in the midst of human civilization through invasions. Mexicans are very As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. Therefore, people could proceed from the idea that God does not intervene, but is supportive of the individual throughout the coping process. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. . Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). It is a symbol of love. We found two patterns in our interviews. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. 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This article, please click on the participants preferences follows: i dont believe predestination! Contributing Writer, the Trauma and Mental health Report it comes to jinxed. To a iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare for comfort and control facing ones illness and totally relying on.. And Guba ( Citation1985 ) were utilised in the south of Europe and this true... Talked about ziyarat, they often referred to as a iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare treatment for hysteria see the education and of. Development of their daughters as equally important seems necessary most Iranians seem to be unified ethnic! Permissions for this article, please click on the participants preferences gaining them a lot of respect and to! Is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining a. And traditions link below iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare can talk to Him a lot, Kurd, Balochi,,. Parts of the individual throughout the coping process from household to household and society to society-and even from to! Cultural and social context when exploring the use of the family & # x27 ;.!
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